CURRENTS OF PROGRESS: A DECADAL BIBLIOMETRIC EXPLORATION OF TDCS IN DEPRESSION RESEARCH

Abstract

Depression, a prevalent and severe psychiatric disorder characterized by persistent low mood and diminished interest, stands as a major global health concern. The World Health Organization anticipated its ascent to the leading cause of disease burden by 2030, making it the foremost contributor to disability globally. The financial impact of depression, exacerbated by primary and secondary disability, marks it as one of the most costly medical burdens worldwide. Notably, the year 2020 witnessed a 28% surge in global major depression, particularly pronounced in COVID-19-affected nations, disproportionately affecting women and young individuals. Beyond the emotional toll, depression imposes a substantial economic burden on individuals and societies. Traditional treatments for depression involve antidepressants, complementary medications, psychotherapy, and non-pharmacological somatic interventions. However, a significant proportion of patients exhibit inadequate response or fail to achieve remission with these conventional approaches. Shockingly, up to 70% of patients do not achieve remission with second-generation antidepressants, and adverse events are widespread, ranging from sexual dysfunction to headaches and gastroenteritis. A staggering 75.4% of patients on second-generation antidepressants experience adverse events, leading to discontinuation in 6.3-8.7% of cases. The growing concern of antidepressant addiction further complicates the landscape, necessitating a reevaluation of treatment paradigms. Given the limitations and risks associated with pharmacological interventions, a shift towards non-pharmacological treatments for depression is gaining prominence. This is especially pertinent considering patient preferences and the increasing recognition of the drawbacks associated with medication-based approaches. As we explore alternative avenues, understanding the nuanced interplay of factors contributing to depression, its varied presentations across demographics, and the differential treatment responses becomes paramount. This comprehensive review delves into the multifaceted dimensions of depression, emphasizing the increasing burden it poses globally. By scrutinizing the limitations of existing treatments, particularly the drawbacks of antidepressant medications, we highlight the need for innovative and effective non-pharmacological interventions. Through a critical analysis of recent developments, we aim to provide insights into emerging strategies that align with patient preferences, enhance treatment efficacy, and mitigate the adverse effects associated with traditional approaches. As we navigate the evolving landscape of depression management, embracing a holistic and patient-centered paradigm becomes imperative for improving outcomes and alleviating the substantial societal and economic impact of this pervasive mental health disorder