Protective Effects of Clove Isolates on Testicular Health and Sperm Redox Status in TCA-Treated Rats

Abstract

Male reproductive health is increasingly vulnerable to environmental pollutants, with Trichloroacetic acid (TCA) being a common contaminant that adversely affects the male reproductive system. This study investigates the modulating effects of clove isolates, specifically eugenol, on testicular patho-histology and sperm redox status in TCA treated rats. Known for their antioxidant properties, clove isolates are explored for their potential therapeutic intervention against TCA induced testicular toxicity. Sixty adult male Wistar rats were divided into ten groups of six rats each: Group 1 received 2 ml/kg body weight of normal saline daily for 30 days via orogastric cannula (Negative Control); Group 2 received 4 mg/kg of EIC via orogastric cannula for 15 days; Group 3 received 10 mg/kg of EIC via orogastric cannula for 15 days; Group 4 received 200 mg/kg of TCA via orogastric cannula for 15 days; Group 5 received 400 mg/kg of TCA via orogastric cannula for 15 days; Group 6 received 200 mg/kg of TCA for the first 15 days, followed by 4 mg/kg of EIC for another 15 days via orogastric cannula; Group 7 received 400 mg/kg of TCA for the first 15 days, followed by 10 mg/kg of EIC for another 15 days via orogastric cannula; Group 8 received 4 mg/kg of EIC for the first 15 days, followed by 200 mg/kg of TCA for another 15 days via orogastric cannula; Group 9 received 10 mg/kg of EIC for the first 15 days, followed by 400 mg/kg of TCA for another 15 days via orogastric cannula; and Group 10 received 4 mg/kg of EIC for 30 days in combination with 200 mg/kg of TCA for 30 days via orogastric cannula. Results indicate that TCA significantly impairs sperm parameters, while eugenol isolates show the potential to mitigate TCA's detrimental effects. Oxidative stress markers reveal a dosedependent response, supporting these findings. Histological observations highlight TCA-induced testicular damage and the protective effects of eugenol isolates. This research provides valuable insights into the protective effects of clove isolates on male reproductive health, suggesting potential natural-based interventions to counter environmental challenges. The study underscores the complex interplay between TCA, clove isolates, and reproductive parameters, offering a foundation for further research and therapeutic interventions to safeguard testicular health.