Article Withdrawal, Retraction & Correction

Maintaining the accuracy and reliability of the academic record is a paramount responsibility in scholarly communication. The following policies govern the processes for article withdrawal, retraction, and correction to address issues that may arise post-publication.

Withdrawal

Articles may be withdrawn at the request of the authors prior to formal publication, provided that a valid justification is given. Withdrawal after acceptance is discouraged and subject to editorial review.

Retraction

Retractions are issued to remove published content found to contain significant errors, ethical violations, fabricated data, or plagiarism. A formal retraction notice will replace the article and explain the reasons, maintaining transparency for the scholarly community.

Correction

Minor errors that do not compromise the overall validity of the study may be addressed through a correction (erratum or corrigendum). All corrections are clearly linked to the original article to preserve the publication trail.