INTEGRATING ENERGY FLOW MANAGEMENT FOR AGRICULTURAL SUSTAINABILITY IN TRIBAL VILLAGES OF SOUTHERN ODISHA

Abstract

Hill agriculture, characterized by undulating terrains and intricate poly-culture and agroforestry systems, serves as a vital livelihood source for human inhabitants. Employing traditional cultivation methods on ridges and valleys, small-scale farmers achieve remarkable productivity and stability, yielding high returns per unit of labor and energy. This agricultural approach mirrors natural ecosystems, boasting a rich organic environment, diseaseresistant biodiversity, and inherent stability. Despite relying predominantly on rainfed methods, the sustainability of hill agriculture has endured through centuries of practice. This paper delves into the unique characteristics and sustainability of hill agriculture, drawing parallels between its practices and natural ecosystem dynamics. Through an exploration of traditional cultivation techniques and their alignment with ecological principles, it elucidates the resilience and productivity inherent in this agricultural approach. In light of increasing environmental pressures and changing socio-economic dynamics, it advocates for the preservation and promotion of traditional agricultural practices. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of the intricate relationships between human societies, natural ecosystems, and agricultural practices in hill regions. It highlights the importance of adopting holistic approaches that prioritize ecological integrity, socio-economic equity, and cultural preservation. Through informed policy interventions and community-led initiatives, hill agriculture can continue to thrive as a resilient and sustainable livelihood strategy, nourishing both people and the planet